Txheej txheem cej luam
ASTM A249 / A249M yog tus qauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm los ntawm ASTM International uas npog cov welded austenitic stainless hlau raj npaj rau siv hauv boiler, superheater, heat exchanger, thiab condenser daim ntaub ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv corrosion kuj, siab -kub kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev ntseeg tau.
Tsis zoo li ASTM A213 (uas suav nrog seamless alloy thiab stainless hlau raj), ASTM A249 tshwj xeeb hais txog cov welded raj, ua rau nws tus nqi - zoo thiab siab - kev ua tau zoo rau ntau yam kev lag luam thiab kev siv hluav taws xob. Tus "M" hauv A249M qhia txog qhov ntsuas ntsuas ntawm tus qauv.
ASTM A249/A249M-23
Cov raj no tau siv dav hauv:
Fais fab nroj tsuag condensers thiab feedwater rhaub
Tshuaj thiab petrochemical txheej txheem kub exchangers
Desalination nroj tsuag
HVAC systems
Pulp thiab ntawv kev lag luam kub rov qab units
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm ASTM A249
Hom khoom
Welded Tubes: Tsim los ntawm qhov tsis siv neeg arc vuam (TIG lossis plasma) uas tsis tas yuav muab cov hlau.
Austenitic Stainless Steels nkaus xwb: Tsis yog -magnetic, chromium-nickel (thiab qee zaum molybdenum) raws li alloys.
Txias-Tiav lossis Kub-Tiav: Cov raj feem ntau yog txias- ua haujlwm tom qab vuam los txhim kho lub zog thiab qhov tseeb.
Cov Qib Siab
ASTM A249 suav nrog ntau tus qauv qauv, feem ntau raug xaiv nrog lub npe "TP" (xws li TP304, TP316). Cov qib tseem ceeb muaj xws li:
|
Qib |
Kev sib xyaw & Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb |
|
TP 304 / TP 304 L |
18% Cr - 8% Ni; lub hom phiaj dav dav; L=cov pa roj carbon tsawg (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03%) los tiv thaiv kev nkag siab |
|
TP 316 / TP 316L |
16% Cr - 12% Ni - 2% Mo; superior pitting thiab chloride corrosion kuj |
|
TIAB SA 321 |
18% Cr - 10% Ni + Titanium stabilization; resists intergranular corrosion |
|
TIAB SA 347 |
18% Cr - 10% Ni + Niobium stabilization; zoo heev thermal qaug zog tsis kam |
|
TP 310 S |
25% Cr - 20% Ni; siab -kub oxidation kuj (txog 2000℃F / 1090 degree) |
Lus Cim: Cov lus "L" (piv txwv li, TP316L) qhia cov ntsiab lus qis rau kev txhim kho weldability thiab corrosion kuj hauv cov qauv welded.
Kev tsim khoom
Vuam txoj kev:
Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) lossis Plasma Arc Vuam
Weld yuav tsum tsis tu ncua, homogeneous, thiab tsis muaj teeb meem
Tsis muaj cov hlau muab tub lim feem ntau yog siv (autogenous vuam)
Ncej -Kev kho Weld:
Tag nrho cov raj yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj annealed tom qab welding kom rov qab corrosion kuj thiab txo kev ntxhov siab
Qhov kub thiab txias: Feem ntau 1900-2100 ° F (1040-1150 ° C)
Kev ua kom txias sai sai (quenching) yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv carbide nag lossis daus
Cold Drawing lossis Cold Rolling: Feem ntau siv tom qab annealing kom ua tiav qhov ntev kawg thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Kev txwv nruj yog teev rau txhua qib. Piv txwv rau TP316L:
C: Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.030%
Cr: 16.0-18.0%
Tsis muaj: 10.0-14.0%
Mov: 2.0-3.0%
Mn: Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2.0%
Si: Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.75%
P, S: Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.045%
Rau TP321:
Ti cov ntsiab lus: Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 5 × (C + N), min 0.10%, max 1.00% (rau kev ruaj ntseg)
Mechanical Properties (yam tsawg kawg nkaus)
Hloov raws qib thiab qhov xwm txheej. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tom qab kev daws annealing:
|
Qib |
Tensile zog (min) |
Yield zog (min) |
Elongation (min) |
|
TIAB SA 304 |
75,000 psi (515 MPa) |
30,000 psi (205 MPa) |
30% hauv 2 nti (50mm) |
|
TIAB SA 316 |
75,000 psi (515 MPa) |
30,000 psi (205 MPa) |
30% hauv 2 nti. |
|
TIAB SA 321 |
75,000 psi (515 MPa) |
30,000 psi (205 MPa) |
30% hauv 2 nti. |
|
TIAB SA 347 |
75,000 psi (515 MPa) |
30,000 psi (205 MPa) |
30% hauv 2 nti. |
Nco tseg: elongation yuav raug txo kom txias - ua hauj lwm (nyuaj) tej yam kev mob.
Dimensions thiab Tolerances
Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla (OD): Feem ntau 1/4 nti rau 5 nti (6 mm txog 127 mm)
Phab ntsa Thickness: Nyias-walled, tsim los rau kev hloov cua sov
Tolerances:
OD: ± 0.005 hli (± 0.13 hli)
Phab ntsa: ± 10%
Ncaj: Max 1/8 nti ib ko taw (1 mm / m)
Surface condition
Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum huv, du, thiab tsis muaj nplai, tawg, seams, thiab weld imperfections.
Tom qab cov tshuaj annealing, cov hlab muaj lub ci, oxide -dawb tiav (tshwj tsis yog pickled).
Weld hlaws yuav tsum du thiab ntws nrog lub hauv paus hlau.
Kev xeem yuav tsum tau
Txhua lub raj los yog ntau lawm yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas kom zoo:
Hydrostatic Test: Txhua lub raj yuav tsum tau hydrotested tshwj tsis yog hloov los ntawm NDE.
Nondestructive Electric Test (NDE):
Eddy Tam sim no Kev Ntsuas lossis Kev Ntsuas Ultrasonic yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov vuam thiab cov hlau tsis xws luag
Flattening Test: Yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov suab nrov thiab ductility.
Flaring Test: Yuav tsum tau rau cov raj hauv qab 3 nti OD.
Hardness Test: Tej zaum yuav xav tau rau cov qib tshwj xeeb.
Tensile Test: Yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov qauv ntsuas.
Intergranular Corrosion Test: Yuav tsum tau rau cov qib ruaj khov (TP321, TP347) yog tias tau teev tseg.
Visual and Dimensional Inspection: Yuav Tsum Tau.
Daim ntawv thov
- Condensers thiab Feedwater rhaub: Hauv cov chaw fais fab
- Plhaub-thiab-Tube Heat Exchangers: Chemical, petrochemical, thiab refining industries
- Cua Txias Condenser (ACC)
- Desalination Plants: Multi-theem flash (MSF) thiab thim rov qab osmosis (RO) systems
- Txheej Txheem Kev Lag Luam: Evaporators, coolers, thiab heaters
- HVAC Chillers
Kev sib piv nrog cov qauv zoo sib xws
|
Txuj |
Qhov txawv tseem ceeb |
|
ASTM A 249 Cov khoom siv |
Welded austenitic stainless hlau raj rau boiler, tshav kub exchanger, condenser kev pab |
|
ASTM A 213 |
Seamless ferritic thiab austenitic raj rau siab -temp kev pabcuam |
|
ASTM A 312 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb |
Seamless los yog welded austenitic stainless hlau yeeb nkab (txoj kab uas hla loj, txheej txheem kav) |
|
ASTM A789 / A790 Cov Lus Qhia |
Mechanical thiab siab tubing (xws li duplex stainless hlau) |
|
ASTM A179 Cov khoom lag luam |
Seamless carbon steel kub exchanger raj (tsis yog-stainless) |
Faj seeb: ASTM A249 yog rau cov raj (txoj kab uas hla me me, nruj dua qhov ntev), thaum A312 npog cov kav dej siv hauv cov txheej txheem dav dav.
Ntawv pov thawj & Traceability
- Mill Test Report (MTR): Yuav tsum tau (EN 10204 3.1 lossis 3.2)
- Thaum tshav kub kub Number Traceability: Tag nrho traceability los ntawm raw khoom mus rau cov khoom kawg
- Thib peb-Kev tshuaj xyuas tog: Feem ntau rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb (piv txwv li, ASME, API)
- NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156: Muaj feem xyuam rau qee qib (xws li TP316L) hauv qhov chaw qaub
- ASME Code Ua raws: Siv hauv ASME BPVC Tshooj I, IV, thiab VIII cov cuab yeej
Cov ntsiab lus
ASTM A249 / A249M yog thawj tus qauv rau welded austenitic stainless hlau raj siv nyob rau hauv cov cua kub exchangers, condensers, thiab boiler systems. Nws muab tus nqi -txoj kev ua haujlwm zoo rau cov raj seamless thaum tswj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, weld kev ncaj ncees, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Nrog cov qib zoo li TP316L, TP321, thiab TP347, nws txhawb kev siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab siab - qhov kub thiab txias. Cov kev daws teeb meem annealing thiab NDE yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias thaj chaw vuam ua tau zoo raws li cov hlau hauv paus, ua rau ASTM A249 cov raj muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha hauv kev pabcuam tseem ceeb.
Nws yog dav teev nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim, tshuaj, thiab desalination industries qhov twg ntev - lub sij hawm durability thiab kuj rau pitting, crevice corrosion, thiab thermal cycling yog qhov tseem ceeb.
- Tam sim no Version: ASTM A249 / A249M - 23 (raws li xyoo 2025)
- Tus tsim tawm: ASTM International
- Scope: Welded austenitic stainless hlau boiler, superheater, tshav kub -exchanger, thiab condenser raj.
